12. Discover the Mechanism of the Fine Structure Constant

∙ Basically the fine structure constant is the ratio of the electromagnetic force to the nuclear force.

∙ In the grand unified theory of physics all forces are due to the square of velocities.

∙ The numerator of the fine structure ratio is the electrostatic force speed and the denominator is the nuclear binding force speed , the background mean speed.

∙ The electrostatic force is due to a wave propagating at  followed by wave propagating at the background rms speed  which lags the mean speed by 180º plus the small lag angle due to the time required for the background to pass through the condensed core of the proton.

∙ The electromagnetic speed thus is (instead of which is the speed of light).

∙ If the travel distance through the proton’s neutrino is 0.013866 times the proton radius, then the delay angle will be such that the fine structure constant is related to the Maxwell-Boltzmann gas parameters within experimental error.

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