4. Discover the Mechanism Controlling the Mass of the Proton

∙ The mass inflow rate into neutrinos depends on the enveloping sphere diameter which is the ether mean free path and thus is independent of the variable mass of the neutrinos.

∙ Energy conservation of the final condensation requires an extremely large thrust force (mega-newtons) applied to the neutrino condensed assemblage. The thrust is produced by the surrounding background.

∙ Collisions between two neutrinos can result in a neutrino taking a circular path.

∙ One value of mass can balance the centrifugal force with the thrust force and have an angular momentum equal the neutrino angular momentum.

∙ This mass is the mass of the proton.

∙ The disturbance close to the proton makes up the short-lived particles associated with the proton.

∙ The disturbance at a long distance from the proton is the electromagnetic field.