2. Discover how long range electrostatic forces are produced in an ether

∙ The most basic composite particle consisting of ether particles absorbs ether particles flowing in at the mean speed of the background particles and emits them at the root mean square speed .

∙ When this composite particle takes a circular orbit, at large distances from the orbit, a sinusoidal radial flow wave is produced which is the superposition of a wave with velocity amplitude and a lagging wave with velocity amplitude .

∙ Two such orbiting composite particles at a large distance from each other produce an inverse square force of interaction.

∙ Polarity is produced by the two composite particles having the same or different helicity as they translate. Particles of opposite helicity attract each other.

∙ The field produced by the circular moving composite particle is the electromagnetic field.