13.  The Human Cosmos (2005)
            This paper primarily addressed the questions of why do all things we observe appear to have been formed at the same time.  Based upon radiation decay rates it appears that all the matter that exist in the portion of the universe that we observe was formed approximately 10 billion years age.  However, in the kinetic particle theory there is a large “sea” of neutrinos of all energies which came into existence an indefinitely long time ago.  The equilibrium between the Maxwell-Boltzmann background brutinos and the sea of neutrinos could have been achieved much longer in the past than 10 billion years.
            Now, from this sea of neutrinos there is a steady rate of hydrogen being formed. Due to hydrogen’s gravitational field the hydrogen atoms begin to accumulate and eventually produce hydrogen stars.  After such a star grows enough it reaches a size with a strong enough gravitational field to produce fusion.  Thus, larger atoms are formed. 
            The (hydrogen and other atoms) stars keep growing, but what limits their ultimate size?  The next major step after being able to fuse occurs much later when the gravitational field is strong enough to collapse the atomic structure and thus form a neutron star.  Neutrons still have the electrostatic field of the (collapsed) electron and the proton orbiting each other, so the neutrons have a gravitational field.  Therefore, the neutron star will continue to grow.
            What limits the growth of a neutron star?  As the neutron star grows its gravitational field becomes strong enough to collapse the neutron structure.  When this occurs, the neutrinos making protons and those making electrons are released in such abundance that the whole neutron star explodes.  This would be a super-super-super nova explosion.  The size of this star before the explosion is one tenth the radius of the observable universe.  Before it exploded it would gather all the matter in the observable universe—out as far as the gravitational field reaches ( light years). 
            After the explosion the observable universe (i.e., the human cosmos) would be populated only by the debris of this explosion.  Also, the explosion debris would begin to populate regions much beyond the human cosmos.
            Radioactive dating would start at the time of the explosion since prior to that time only fusion would be occurring.  The debris of such an explosion would consist mostly of neutron stars (black holes) but there also would be atomic stars, some mostly hydrogen stars, some small atomic masses such as planets, moons, and asteroids, and a non-negligible amount of space dust.  All of these items would have the same radioactive date of birth.