19. What is the electrostatic force?

            The outward and inward pulsing produced by a proton (for example) at the net velocity amplitude of  approaches spherical symmetry as distance from the proton orbital path increases. The flow also has polarity introduced by the right- or left-hand spin of the orbiting neutrino. A distant charged elementary particle will generate a similar field. The fields will interact to produce forces on the two particles. The force  is given by

           Where the force is attractive for unlike charges and repulsive for like charges, a is the proton orbital radius, c is the speed of light, is the background particle density, and is the separation distance of the two particles.