17. What is a proton?

            Neutrinos occur in a large range of masses. If a neutrino with a mass equal to the mass of the proton collides with other neutrinos ending up with the proton-mass neutrino being in a circular orbit then the orbit will be stable. The thrust force produced by the neutrino will balance its centrifugal force. The angular momentum of the neutrino in this circular orbit will be equal to the angular momentum of the translating neutrino. One, and only one, value of mass will satisfy these two conditions and that is the proton mass.

            The orbiting neutrino produces several short-lived sub-nuclear particles for each orbit. The life-time of these particles is on the order of  seconds.

            The principal field produced by the proton is its electrostatic field. The electrostatic field is the result of a rocket-like device traversing a circular path. There is an in-flow for the “rocket” at a velocity and an outflow at velocity . At a large distance from the proton the flows are essentially spherically symmetric and the outflow produces a wave which is almost 180° out of phase with the inflow. The difference in these flow velocities  make up the electrostatic field.